hundred and forty-four thousand

In Revelation 7:5-8, we see the tribes that are sealed, absent the tribe of Dan, and the tribe of Judah has been added. Jacob's twelve sons (in order of birth), Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin, become the ancestors of twelve tribes, with the exception of Joseph, whose two sons Mannasseh and Ephraim become tribal eponyms. The following is the etymological translations in order of birthright:

Reuben (Hebrew: רְאוּבֵן‎, Standard Rəʾuven, Tiberian Rəʾûḇēn; “He has seen my misery”)

Simeon (Hebrew: שִׁמְעוֹן orˈsɪmiən, Modern Shim'on, Tiberian Šim‘ōn; “God has heard”)

Levi (Hebrew: לֵּוִי‎; Standard Levy, Tiberian Lēwî; "He pledged")

Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Modern Yehuda, Tiberian Yəhûḏā; "praise")

Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, Standard Dan, Tiberian Dān; "judgment" or "He judged") Removed

Naphtali (Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי, Modern Naftali, Tiberian Nap̄tālî; "my struggle")

Gad (Hebrew: גָּד, Modern Gad, Tiberian Gāḏ; "divided out")  

Asher (Hebrew: אָשֵׁר, Modern Asher, Tiberian ʼĀšēr; “blessings “)

Issachar (Hebrew: יִשָּׂשכָר, Modern Yissakhar, Tiberian Yiśśāḵār; "recompense")

Zebulun (Hebrew: זְבֻלוּן, Standard Hebrew Zevulun; “gift from God”)

Joseph (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף ‎, Standard Yosef, Tiberian Yôsēp̄; "May Yahweh give")

Benjamin (Hebrew בנימין, Standard Binyaamem; "Son of His right hand”)

Ephraim (Hebrew: אֶפְרָיִם, Modern Efrayim Tiberian ʾEp̄ráyim; "the land of His affliction")

Manasseh (Hebrew: מְנַשֶּׁה, Modern Menaše, Tiberian Mənaššé; “desires to forget “)

⁵Of the tribe of Juda were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Reuben were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Gad were sealed twelve thousand. ⁶Of the tribe of Aser were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Nepthalim were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Manasses were sealed twelve thousand. ⁷Of the tribe of Simeon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Levi were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Issachar were sealed twelve thousand. ⁸Of the tribe of Zabulon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Joseph were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Benjamin were sealed twelve thousand.  Revelation 7:5-8

In Revelation 14:1, we see the “Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with him a hundred forty and four thousand.” The 144,000 are those Jews that believe the Two Witnesses testimony and follow them. The “Father's name written in their foreheads” is our beloved Lord of lords, Jesus. According to old and New Testaments, Mount Zion (Hebrew: הַר צִיוֹן, Har Tsiyyon; Arabic: جبل صهيون‎, Jabel Sahyoun) is a hill in Jerusalem just outside the walls of the Old City. Mount Zion has been historically associated with the Temple Mount. Mount Hermon was also called Mount Sion (Arabic: جبل حرمون, جبل الشيخ‎, Jabal al-Shaykh, "Mountain of the Chief,” "Jabal Haramun"; Hebrew: הר חרמון‎, Har Hermon, "Mount Hermon"), but was overcome by the fallen angel’s, thus it is probably a prophetic precursor to what will come of Mount Sion in Jerusalem.

¹And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with him a hundred forty and four thousand, having his Father's name written in their foreheads.  Revelation 14:1

In Revelation 14:2, 3, we see “And they sung as it were a new song before the throne.” The new song is from the “Song of Moses” (Exodus 15:1-21). We see in Exodus 15:13 “Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou hast redeemed: thou hast guided them in thy strength unto thy holy habitation.” The new song is that the 144,000 will be drawn to Jerusalem, and the Lord will guide them back in His strength to Mount Sion. This will happen shortly after the Two Witnesses die and resurrected, and the 144,000 are scattered to the mountains of Judea. Just as in the Exodus out of Egypt, Jesus will protect His redeemed, and then at the second coming they will be translated.

²And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps: ³And they sung as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders: and no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth.  Revelation 14:2, 3

¹Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the LORD, and spake, saying, I will sing unto the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.  Exodus 15:1

Revelation 14 happens prior to Revelation 7. Revelation chapters 1 through 10 is one timeline, and Revelation chapters 12 through 20 is another timeline. Both these timelines run in parallel with Revelation chapter 11 being the central thesis and tying both timelines together. We see in Acts 1:7-9 the proclamation to the apostles that they are the first witnesses.

⁷He said to them, "It is not for you to know times or epochs which the Father has fixed by His own authority; ⁸but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and even to the remotest part of the earth." ⁹And after He had said these things, He was lifted up while they were looking on, and a cloud received Him out of their sight... Acts 1:7-9